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Binding:Vellum
Place of Publication:Verona
Language:Italian
Special Attributes:Illustrated
Author:Scipione Mercurio
Publisher:Francesco de’ Rossi
Topic:Obstetrics
Subject:Science & Medicine
Original/Facsimile:Original
Year Printed:1645
1642 LA COMMARE de Mercurio. IIllstd Obstetrics, Midwifery, Childbirth, Italian LA COMMARE O RACCOGLITRICE dell’eccellentissimo signor SCIPION MERCURIO, Filosofo, Medico, e Cittadin Romano. Divisa in tre libri In questa ultima editione corretta & accresciuta di due trattati; uno del colostro, doue si tratta di diversi mali de i bambini con loro cause e rimedj singolari, dell’eccellentiss. sig. Ezechiele Di Castro, medico fisico d’Avignon. L’altro di un gravissimo autore, nel quale si risolvono alcuni dubj importanti circa il battesimo dei bambini, e si danno alcuni auisi spirituali molto a proposito per le parturienti. Dedicata al molt’illustre, & reverendiss. Monsig. Girolamo Marchiori canonico di San Marco Arciprete, &c. by Girolamo Mercurio In Verona: per Francesco de’ Rossi, 1642 – 1645. Hardcover. Decorated paper covered boards with vellum corners, later red leather spine covering the original (presumably damaged) vellum spine cover, later spine title label. 7.7 x 5.7 inches (19 x 14 cm.), [20], 327 pages, 31 full page plates, decorated initials. Each of the three parts has its own title page: Book 1 is dated 164? (the last digit appears to be a battered ‘5) Delle cagioni di quei dolori, che l’huomo patisce, e fa patire alla madre nel suo nascimento insieme con l’argomento dell’opera (The causes of those pains, which man suffers, and causes the mother to suffer in her birth, together with the subject of the work) Book 2 is dated MDCXXXXV (1645) Del parto preternaturale, e vitioso, & in quanti modi si faccia, e di quanto si tratterà in questo libro. (of preternatural birth, and bad complications, & in how many ways it is done, and of what will be dealt with in this book Book 3 is dated MDCXXXXII (1642). Nel qual si tratta delle principali infirmitadi che accadono, & alle impagliolate, & à i fanciulli; e de i rimedij loro ) (about the main infirmities that happen, & to the impagliolates?, & à the children; and their remedies. ” The volume may be lacking a frontis illustration. The 30 engravings in the text, depict images of gestation and birth, genital organs, obstetric instruments, etc., Contary to the statement in the title page that in addition to La Commare, the book includes two additional treatises; “uno del colostro del Ezechiele Di Castro … L’altro … nel quale si risolvono alcuni dubj importanti circa il battesimo dei bambini, the two additions are not present and apparently were never bound in this volume. An early edition of the first book written for midwives on obstetrics and child birth printed in Italy. The book, first published in 1595-1596, was the first text to advocate a Caesarean section on the living in cases of a contracted long pelvis. Mercurio, Scipione (Girolamo) was born in Rome, presumably between 1540 and 1550. Praised but also harshly criticized by his contemporaries, M. was portrayed by many as a curious character, “witty, all awake and insightful” (Picinelli) but also “unstable and uneasy in his resolutions”, so much so as to have procured, in some circumstances, “many enemies” (Brambilla, p. 77). Eclectic and with an independent character, he described himself as follows: “I was born free. And I can therefore work in my own way “( La comare , Venetia, GB Ciotti, 1596, Prefatione ). His life, full of events, presents many obscure points, perhaps deliberately omitted by some of his biographers or quoted so vaguely, sometimes discordantly. He himself recalled some episodes, often briefly or omitting many details “as he escapes from reopening his wounds” (Teza, p. 189). After 1568, educated in the liberal arts, M. moved to Bologna and Padua to devote himself to the study of medicine; in Bologna he followed the anatomy lessons of Giulio Cesare Aranzio, a disciple of Andrea Vesalio, and was a pupil of Giovanni Zecca (or Zecchi), of whom he later published some lessons. He then decided to take his vows and entered the Order of Preacher Friars in the convent of S. Eustorgio in Milan where he took the name of Girolamo (but in his publications he continued to use the name Scipione) and where he was alternate in the years 1577-78 for become regent in the years 1579-80 and 1582-83. He devoted himself to theology, literature and above all to medicine; perhaps he also taught logic and mathematics. For some time he returned to study in Padua, where he was a doctor under the guidance of Ercole Sassonia, who magnified as “one of the first practices of the Study of Padua” ( La comare , 1596, I, p. 64). According to what M. remembers, in 1578 he was at the side of Aranzio in Bologna on the occasion of the extraction of a newborn from the womb of “an unfortunate pregnant woman” who did not survive childbirth ( ibid. , P. 12). Back in Milan, he practiced medicine and surgery, becoming “one of the first doctors in the city” (Brambilla, p. 77). His success, according to some, would have earned him the envy of his medical colleagues, who began to raise doubts about his multiple activities “because the Friar and the Physician did not go well together” (ibid., P. 77; Quétif – Échard, p. 398). Following disagreements with the brethren, perhaps for having repeatedly disobeyed the rule also because of his work as a doctor, “oppressed by many outrages” (De gli errors … , 1603, dedication to Giovanni Ambrogio Barbavara), he left the cloister. It is not known exactly when M. left the convent; according to some around 1570 (Quétif – Échard, p. 398), a date that does not seem compatible with the regency of M. to S. Eustorgio. On the other hand, it appears at least as singular as the regent could exercise the profession and in particular the assistance to the birth, very rare even among the physical physicians, which, generally, did not intervene directly but through a third person, through a friend; in any case the medical and surgical activity was forbidden to the friars from the blisters of Innocent III and Honorius III ( Decretalium Compilatio , l. III, title L, chap. IX; l. V, title XII, chap. XIX). But M. could have enjoyed a special papal license that some biographers acknowledge and that would have allowed him to “exercise this truly necessary art outside of Religion” (Ghilini, p. 122; Plodius). It is certain that, from the moment he left the Order, M. began a long pilgrimage through Italy and Europe, of which, perhaps exaggerating, he recalled having seen “most” ( La commare , Venetia 1601 [ma 1606], p. 122). In 1590 he was in the south of France as a doctor following Count Jerôme de Lodron, captain of mercenary troops sent by Philip II of Spain to the aid of the Catholic League. M. is also active in various places in central-northern Italy: he was a medical reader in the Bologna Study in the academic year 1584-85 and worked in Peschiera, Cento di Ferrara and Lendinara nel Polesine, with a salary also in Civitavecchia, paid as a medical doctor. In 1596, when he was a doctor in Lendinara, he published in Venice his most famous treatise, La comare o racoglitrice , destined to remain, until the 1820s, the only manual of obstetrics in the vernacular, with numerous editions also in non-language Italian. In subsequent editions of the first (twenty-three of them are known in all, two in Leipzig and one in Wittenberg) the title is La comare o raccettiatore and then La commare o Collins . The comare is placed in the sixteenth century vein inaugurated by the De partu hominis of E. Rhodion (Roesslin), whose first publication in German vernacular dated back to 1508 and that in Latin (Venice) to 1537; in 1563, a treaty by Giovanni Marinello from Modena was also published, entitled ” Medicines for Women ‘s Diseases” (Venice). The work of M., written in “Roman language understood by all” and non-Tuscan, differs in an original and innovative way from those of his predecessors above all because it is dedicated not so much to the education of doctors, that “never or very rarely times they are called to this action, “as to that of the comars, who,” for the little knowledge “, often risked endangering” neither the vine-bearing parts of the mothers, nor the children “( Prefatione , in La comare , 1596). And to those who wanted to criticize him for having done “so many philosophical talks with the girls, and with the commare”, M. replied that his book could be used not only by midwives but also “as fathers of families, and for some other, who does not mean Latin, who in need of this fate can offer important help “( ibid. ). His treatise thus responded to a specific cultural program in which the use of the vernacular wanted to satisfy the growing demand for information, but also for control, of an area traditionally reserved for women. Written with colorful, sometimes polemical language, enriched by some personal stories and many practical tips, the manual is divided into three books: the first concerns normal childbirth with advice for the pregnant woman and the newborn, the second is dedicated to assistance to difficult childbirth, to pregnancies that do not come to term and to cesarean delivery; the third concerns obstetric and gynecological diseases and those of early childhood. From the scientific point of view, the comare is placed in the wake of a two-thousand-year medical tradition, which from Hippocrates, Aristotle, Galen, through the Arabic treatises, reaches up to De humano foetu (Bologna 1564) of Aranzio, to Ambroisé Paré and to the discoveries of Vesalio and Gabriele Falloppia. M. extensively cites the classics, but subjecting them to revision based on the most recent observations and surgical techniques. However, similarly to many contemporary treatises, his descriptions of the female body, as well as the hypotheses on human generation, suffer from anatomical and physiological prejudices of Aristotelian-Thomistic origin. There are also references to medieval and Renaissance beliefs – M. suggests several times the use of talismans and amulets operating “for occult properties” ( La commare , 1654, p. 156) -, especially where medicine was more uncertain, regarding for example the duration of pregnancy or the determination of the sex of the unborn child. Around 1602 M. returned to the Dominican Order, affiliated with the convents of Murano and Venice, where he was welcomed by the prior Giulio Landriano who, interceding for him with the high hierarchies of the Order, convinced him, together with other confreres , to retrace his steps. In the new headquarters, M. dedicated himself to the apothecary and to the construction or renovation at his own expense of the sacristy, at the request of the inquisitor of Bologna, the Dominican theologian Pietro Festa dai Orzi. In 1603 he published in Venice, at the invitation of his confreres, De gli mistami d’Italia , a work he had already composed and started printing two years earlier, when he was a doctor in Monselice, in the Padua area. As noted above, the volume includes only the complete original edition of La Commare and does not include the additional treatises referred to in the title page. Those additions are not bound in this volume. CONDITION: The vellum covers have edge and corner wear, the spine is recovered with later red leather. The well bound Contents, including all text and illustrations, are complete except for the missing frontispiece engraving. The paper edges are soiled and some pages are slightly edgeworn. The first title page has an old repair at the top margin and has soil and stains. Many text pages have light stains or small spots and a few pages have a small chip or a closed tear at the edge but there is no loss of any text. Some page has a light corner crease Check our other auctions and store listings for additional unusual items Check our other auctions and store listings for additional unusual items Listing and template services provided by inkFrog
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